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Kinetics and equilibrium studies for the removal of heavy metals in both single and binary systems using hydroxyapatite
(Springer Verlag, 2012-03-21) Ramesh S.T.; Rameshbabu, N; Gandhimathi, R; Nidheesh, P.V.; Srikanth Kumar, M
Removal of heavy metals is very important with respect to environmental considerations. This study investigated the sorption of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in single and binary aqueous systems onto laboratory prepared hydroxyapatite (HA) surfaces. Batch experiments were carried out using synthetic HA at 30 °C. Parameters that influence the adsorption such as contact time, adsorbent dosage and pH of solution were investigated. The maximum adsorption was found at contact time of 12 and 9 h, HA dosage of 0. 4 and 0. 7 g/l and pH of 6 and 8 for Cu and Zn, respectively, in single system. Adsorption kinetics data were analyzed using the pseudofirst-, pseudosecond-order and intraparticle diffusion models. The results indicated that the adsorption kinetic data were best described by pseudosecond-order model. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to analyze adsorption data, and Langmuir isotherm was found to be applicable to this adsorption system, in terms of relatively high regression values. The removal capacity of HA was found to be 125 mg of Cu/g, 30. 3 mg of Zn/g in single system and 50 mg of Cu/g, 15. 16 mg of Zn/g in binary system. The results indicated that the HA used in this work proved to be effective material for removing Cu and Zn from aqueous solutions. © 2012 The Author(s).
Adsorptive removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution using nano-sized hydroxyapatite
(Springer Verlag, 2012-10-11) Ramesh, S.T.; Rameshbabu, N; Gandhimathi, R; Srikanth Kumar, M; Nidheesh P.V.
This study investigated the sorption of Pb(II) in aqueous solution onto hydroxyapatite (HA) surfaces. Batch experiments were carried out using synthetic HA. The effect of contact time, HA dosage, and initial pH on removal efficiency were also investigated. The adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of Pb(II) on this adsorbent were then examined at 25 °C. Kinetic data were analyzed by pseudo first, second, and intra-particle diffusion models. The sorption data were then correlated with the Langmuir, Freundlich, Halsey, and Harkins-Jura adsorption isotherm models. The optimum dose of HA for Pb(II) removal is found to be 0. 12 g/l with the removal efficiency of 97. 3 % at an equilibrium contact time of 1 h. It is found that the adsorption kinetics of the Pb(II) on HA follow the pseudo second-order reaction. All the isotherms fitted well for experimental data. Capacity of HA is found as 357. 14 mg Pb(II)/g of HA. The Pb(II) immobilization mechanism was studied. The results indicated that HA can be used as an effective adsorbent for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. © 2012 The Author(s).
Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil due to leachate migration from an open dumping site
(Springer Verlag, 2012-12-23) Kanmani, S; Gandhimathi, R
The concentration of heavy metals was studied in the soil samples collected around the municipal solid waste (MSW) open dumpsite, Ariyamangalam, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu to understand the heavy metal contamination due to leachate migration from an open dumping site. The dump site receives approximately 400–470 tonnes of municipal solid waste. Solid waste characterization was carried out for the fresh and old municipal solid waste to know the basic composition of solid waste which is dumped in the dumping site. The heavy metal concentration in the municipal solid waste fine fraction and soil samples were analyzed. The heavy metal concentration in the collected soil sample was found in the following order: Mn > Pb > Cu > Cd. The presence of heavy metals in soil sample indicates that there is appreciable contamination of the soil by leachate migration from an open dumping site. However, these pollutants species will continuously migrated and attenuated through the soil strata and after certain period of time they might contaminate the groundwater system if there is no action to be taken to prevent this phenomenon.
Investigation of physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal distribution profile in groundwater system around the open dump site
(Springer Verlag, 2013-02-20) Kanmani, S; Gandhimathi, R
In this study, the characterization of solid waste and the effect of the leachate from an open dumping site in Ariyamangalam, Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu, on groundwater is investigated. A total of 14 groundwater samples and 20 leachate samples were collected for monitoring purpose. All the samples were analyzed for various physical and chemical parameters according to standard methods: this includes pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, and total alkalinity, major cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, and Fe2+, major anions such as NO3−, Cl−, and SO42− and heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn. The results indicated that, very few parameters such as pH, sulfates and nitrates concentration in the groundwater samples are within the recommended maximum admissible limits approved by WHO (World Health Organization 940–949, 2002) and Bureau of Indian standards (IS 10500:1991). The TDS (range between 740 and 14,200 mg/L) in groundwater reveal the saline behavior of water and was found to be very high according to standards. The range of chlorides in all the locations under investigation is 215.15–4,098.73 mg/L. The contour plots also indicated that the groundwater was rigorously contaminated with various heavy metals. The presence of high concentration of Pb (0.59 mg/L) in groundwater samples nearby dumping site implies that groundwater samples were contaminated by leachate migration from an open dumping site.
Behavior of pile due to combined loading with lateral soil movement
(Springer, 2016-05-20) Jegatheeswaran, B; Muthukkumaran, K
Piles are commonly used to transfer vertical forces, arising primarily from super structure. Lateral loads, however, are just as important as vertical loads in designing pile foundations and are often more complicated. More powerful lateral loads occur as a result of unpredicted events such as heavy wind, earthquakes, slope failure, and lateral spread induced by liquefaction. But in actual case combined action of vertical and horizontal ground loads can occur in many situations for a pile. So the study of combined load behaviour of soil is important. But these all are suitable only in horizontal ground only. If the pile is in sloped ground then the behaviour of a pile is not only depend on the combined loading but also depends on the lateral soil movement due to the effect of slope. So in this paper by using finite element software, the behaviour of a pile due to the combined loading is studied along with and without the influence of lateral soil movement is made. The effect of the lateral soil movement is depends on the slope angle, so for this study varying slope angles (1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2) were also considered. © 2016, Jegatheeswaran and Muthukkumaran.
Strengthening of brick masonry with welded wire mesh
(Science Publishing Corporation Inc, 2018-07-20) Umamaheswari, V; Kanchidurai, S; Krishnan, P.A.; Baskar, K
Unreinforced brickwork (URM) is the most established development method. URM being weak can't withstand the parallel burdens amid a seismic region. Consequently, it is important to locate an appropriate low-cost technique to fortify existing brickwork structures. In this paper flexural bond strength test was conducted on the rectangular brick masonry prisms with two types of welded wire meshes (epoxy coated mesh with the spacing of 12mm and galvanized iron wire mesh with the spacing of 15mm). Masonry prisms were cast and tested as per the guidelines are given in ASTM E518 /E518-15 standards. The results of the flexural bond strength embedded masonry prism show greater when comparing the prisms with no mesh embedment
An assessment of brick masonry strengthening practice by special methods
(Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication, 2019-09-03) Kanchidurai, S; Krishnan, P.A.; Baskar, K
This study aims to identify the best suitable method to enhance strength and the structural performance of masonry. There are different techniques available to strengthen the existing and new masonry structures. This paper deals the metal/mesh embedment in the masonry wall, strengthening by added different polymers and textile strips, masonry grout, engineered cementitious materials (ECC) and interlocking masonry method. The comparison of different unique masonry strengthening methods helps us to provide a better suggestion for construction issues. In contrast to the conventional method, welded wire mesh gives better results than all other ways. Also, embedment of TRM, ECC, FRP, GFRP, CFRP, and interlocking holds an excellent performance in some other aspects. © BEIESP.
Pedestrian perception-based level-of-service model at signalized intersection crosswalks
(Springer, 2019-09-13) Marisamynathan, S; Vedagiri, P
Pedestrian level of service (PLOS) is an important measure of performance in the analysis of existing pedestrian crosswalk conditions. Many researchers have developed PLOS models based on pedestrian delay, turning vehicle effect, etc., using the conventional regression method. However, these factors may not effectively reflect the pedestrians’ perception of safety while crossing the crosswalk. The conventional regression method has failed to estimate accurate PLOS because of the primary assumption of an arbitrary probability distribution and vagueness in the input data. Moreover, PLOS categories in existing studies are based on rigid threshold values and the boundaries that are not well defined. Therefore, it is an important attempt to develop a PLOS model with respect to pedestrian safety, convenience, and efficiency at signalized intersections. For this purpose, a video-graphic and user perception surveys were conducted at selected nine signalized intersections in Mumbai, India. The data such as pedestrian, traffic, and geometric characteristics were extracted, and significant variables were identified using Pearson correlation analysis. A consistent and statistically calibrated PLOS model was developed using fuzzy linear regression analysis. PLOS was categorized into six levels (A–F) based on the predicted user perception score, and threshold values for each level were estimated using the fuzzy c-means clustering technique. The developed PLOS model and threshold values were validated with the field-observed data. Statistical performance tests were conducted and the results provided more accurate and reliable solutions. In conclusion, this study provides a feasible alternative to measure pedestrian perception-based level of service at signalized intersections. The developed PLOS model and threshold values would be useful for planning and designing pedestrian facilities and also in evaluating and improving the existing conditions of pedestrian facilities at signalized intersections. © 2019, The Author(s).
GIS-based multi-criteria analysis for identification of potential groundwater recharge zones - a case study from Ponnaniyaru watershed, Tamil Nadu, India
(KeAi Communications Co., 2020-02-21) Abijith, Devanantham; Saravanan, Subbarayan; Singh, Leelambar; Jennifer, Jesudasan Jacinth; Saranya, Parthasarathy K.S.S.
Groundwater is one of the most vital natural resources; spatially varying in quality and quantity. Increased urbanisation and population creates tremendous pressure on the quality and quantity of the groundwater resources. In this study, Ponnaniyaru watershed of Cauvery basin was considered for this research. Geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) plays a vital role in preparing various thematic layers for targeting the groundwater potential zones (GWPZ). This study adopts the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Multi influence factor (MIF), multi-criteria decision-making approaches to determine the weights for the influencing factors. Weighted linear overlay analysis was carried out to determine the GWPZ. Further, the resultant GWPZ map has been reclassified into five different classes, namely Very good, Good, Moderate, Poor and Very poor. The results were validated with observed well-yield data, and the predictive precision for AHP and MIF was found to be 75%, and 71% respectively. © 2020 The Authors
Pedestrian safety evaluation of signalized intersections using surrogate safety measures
(VGTU, 2020-03-04) Marisamynathan, Sankaran; Vedagiri, Perumal
The large proportions of pedestrian fatalities led researchers to make the improvements of pedestrian safety at intersections. Thus, this paper proposes a methodology to evaluate crosswalk safety at signalized intersections using Surrogate Safety Measures (SSM) under mixed traffic conditions. The required pedestrian, traffic, and geometric data were extracted based on the videographic survey conducted at signalized intersections in Mumbai (India). Post Encroachment Time (PET) for each pedestrian were segregated into three categories for estimating pedestrian–vehicle interactions and Cumulative Frequency Distribution (CDF) was plotted to calculate the threshold values for each interaction severity level. The Cumulative Logistic Regression (CLR) model was developed to predict the pedestrian mean PET values in the crosswalk at signalized intersections. The proposed model was validated with a new signalized intersection and the results were shown that the proposed PET ranges and model appropriate for Indian mixed traffic conditions. To assess the suitability of model framework, model transferability was carried out with data collected at signalized intersection in Kolkata (India). Finally, this study can be helpful to rank the severity level of pedestrian safety in the crosswalk and improve the existing facilities at signalized intersections. © 2020 The Author(s).
Non-linear performance analysis of free headed piles in consolidating soil subjected to lateral loads
(Elsevier B.V., 2020-10-15) Sivaraman, S; Muthukkumaran, Kasinathan
The analysis of laterally loaded pile is complex due to its site specific behaviour. Whereas most of the analytical methods provides only a generalized solution to it. Behaviour of piles in clay depends on site specific factors like subsoil condition, type of super-structure and the load transfer from it, construction duration and ground improvement process. The present study deals with the assessment of lateral load behaviour of pile based on the results of conventional and instrumented field load tests. The pile was designed based on the results of laboratory and field geotechnical investigations. The diameter and depth of bored cast in-situ pile were fixed as 600 mm and 16 m from the natural ground level respectively. The deflection profile obtained using inclinometer for various lateral loads on piles tested during different phases of site development were analyzed. The pile bending moment, shear force and soil reaction profile were established from the inclinometer data. The results obtained from the experimental data were found to be comparable with that of analytical method. The non-linear lateral load-displacement curves obtained from the load test conducted at different period of consolidation induced by site development process were analyzed. The curves thus obtained were transferred into a non-dimensional kh/khmax versus shear strain curve for the formation of equation explicit to the specific site. A site specific equation was proposed for the estimation of lateral load-displacement curve with respect to degree of consolidation of the surrounding soil subjected to surcharge load induced by the site development process.
Development of freight travel demand model with characteristics of vehicle tour activities
(Elsevier Ltd, 2020-11-01) Venkadavarahan M.; Raj, Celestin Thivya; Marisamynathan, Sankaran
The actual movements of freight vehicles demonstrate comprehensive tour activities instead of a single trip. Freight vehicle tours activity represent trip chaining relationship between shippers, receivers, and carriers as a journey of tours. In India, identifying and modeling tour activity is complex because disaggregated freight tour activity data are generally not available to access. Hence, there is a need to identify the most suitable and sufficient modeling framework, which explains the non-linear behavior and complexity of tour-based freight travel demand. Thus, the objectives of this study are to identify the driver, vehicle, and journey characteristics of freight vehicle movement and their tour activities using the conventional non-linear and soft computing methods to estimate the number of tours and to identify the most suitable and effective modeling method. The questionnaire form designed, and study locations were selected in Tiruchirappalli, India. The selected survey locations were identified based on the availability of fright drivers who were making tours. An extensive face to face data collection process was performed, and a total of 600 drivers' data were collected from survey. A detailed description of the collected data was obtained through descriptive analysis. Next, significant relationship between characteristics of freight vehicle drivers and their tour activities was identified based on various correlation tests. Further, a non-linear regression method was adopted for explaining non-linear behavior and complexity of tour-based freight travel demand. Followed by soft computing models using Support-vector machines (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), and Artificial Neuron Network (ANN) algorithms were developed to predict tour-based freight travel demand, which performed better than conventional non-linear model. Among all, ANN model outperformed and explained the variations with better accuracy. Finally, the outcome of this study will be helpful to transport planners and researchers for understanding the characteristics of freight vehicle tour activity and estimating tour-based freight travel demand.
Estimation of lateral capacity of rock socketed piles in layered soil-rock profile
(Springer, 2021-04-20) Prakash, A.R.; Muthukkumaran, Kasinathan
Large diameter rock socketed piles were preferred for the purpose of transmission of a huge volume of both vertical and lateral load from superstructure to a deeper depth safely without any structural defects. A series of experimental program was conducted on model pile for studying the behaviour of the rock socketed pile under static lateral load in a soil-rock layered profile system. The model piles were instrumented with displacement and force transducers for measuring the magnitude of the pile movement and load transferred by the pile. The experimental results showed that the rock socketed pile lateral capacity has significantly affected by the depth of embedment of the pile in soil and depth of rock socket. There was a considerable increase in the lateral capacity of the pile when the depth of socketing is three times the diameter of the pile into rock with a minimum embedment. In the 3D socketed piles, the lateral capacity of the pile is almost 18 times higher than the non-socketed piles. From the experimental study, it is also observed that when the piles socketed more in to the hard strata (rock), the depth of fixity increases and the lateral displacement reduces substantially. © 2021, The Author(s).
Assessment of innovative dented sheet liner on the improvement of hydraulic properties of pervious concrete pile
(Elsevier B.V., 2021-05-14) Umanath, U; Muthukkumaran, Kasinathan
The Pervious Concrete Pile (PCP) is a technique that has emerged as an innovative method to improve radial consolidation and the bearing capacity of soft soils. The PCP, a stiffer vertical column (pile), has voids on the surface that accelerate the radial consolidation and eventually improve soft soils' bearing capacity. Since the PCP is stiffer material, the performance does not depend on the confined soil, unlike other drains. As the rate of radial consolidation hinges on the drain's hydraulic conductivity, ensuring the permeability of PCP along its total length is essential. An innovative method of dented sheet liner has been introduced in this study to improve the hydraulic conductivity of PCP. This method was introduced to create surface roughness and regular voids along the length of PCP. Malleable material like aluminium has been dented with specified patterns as a liner on the inner surface and introduced along with conventional formwork, which shall be removed after the concrete's final setting time. A series of laboratory experiments such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, porosity, and falling head permeability tests were performed on PCP cast using dented sheet liners. The results were compared with the conventional PCP properties to establish the efficiency of dented sheet liner in improving the hydraulic conductivity of pervious concrete. The results show that using dented sheet liners, the hydraulic properties porosity and permeability of PCP have been increased up to 22.5% and 79%, respectively, with minimum reduction in the strength parameters.
Development of urban freight trip generation models concerning establishment classification process for a developing country
(KeAi Communications Co., 2021-08-19) Venkadavarahan, Marimuthu; Marisamynathan, Sankaran
The objective of this study is to develop the Freight Trip Generation (FTG) models concerning establishment classification process for estimating freight trip activity. Establishment Based Freight Survey (EBFS) was performed to collect various supply chain variables involved in the urban freight system. Extensive data of 647 samples were collected from Tiruchirappalli city, India. Economic activity analysis shows that pure receiver and intermediate establishments do not follow the uniform freight trip activity among the industrial segments. Hence, a suitable methodology for the establishment classification process is developed using traditional and machine learning (ML) techniques to classify the establishment into an intermediate and pure receiver before estimating the freight trip activity. Supply chain variables like employment, FTA, industrial segment, mode of the commercial vehicle, type of delivery, number of suppliers, and gross floor area play a crucial role in the establishment classification process. Then, employment-based FTG models are developed with the classified data using linear and non-linear functional forms for each industrial segment. Finally, it is observed that FTG models result enhanced, when the establishment classification process is performed as an initial stage, with lower error and accurate estimation of urban freight trip activity.
Investigating the contrast diurnal relationship of land surface temperatures with various surface parameters represent vegetation, soil, water, and urbanization over Ahmedabad city in India
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022-01-30) Mathew, Aneesh; Sarwesh, P; Khandelwal, Sumit
Many climatic problems have arisen due to congested and inefficient planning, reduced vegetation cover, and increased pollution from factories and vehicles. One such primary concern is increased land surface temperature (LST) contributes to the urban heat island (UHI) occurrence. This research aims to understand better the UHI effect in the region neighbouring the Indian city of Ahmedabad. MODIS sensor data (onboard Aqua and Terra platforms) and Landsat data were used for the study. The research was done for the summer, monsoon, and winter seasons in the research region, using data from thirteen years between 2003 and 2015. The current study looked at LSTs' spatial and temporal differences to assess the SUHI effect over Ahmedabad city. The association between diurnal LST and various surface variables such as vegetation, built-up, soil, water, and so on has also been examined. A variety of land surfaces influences the diurnal variations of LSTs. The diurnal associations of LST with vegetation, urbanization, soil, and water factors have been studied. The overall study of LST' relationship with all of the various parameters reveals a very significant dynamic relationship.
Mode shift behaviour and user willingness to adopt the electric two-wheeler: A study based on Indian road user preferences
(KeAi Communications Co., 2022-04-02) Murugan, Manivel; Marisamynathan, Sankaran
As per statistics, two-wheeler (TW) alone shares the highest number of vehicle registrations in India, which develops the various transportation-related issues such as traffic conflicts, congestions, and pollutions. Electric two-wheelers (E-TW) are a better alternative to conventional two-wheelers because of their significant advantage in mitigating environmental impacts. But E-TWs are less attractive among road users due to unawareness of the benefits of E-TW. In addition, the traditional methods are less accurate in predicting users' mode choice behavior because of their limitations. Therefore, there is a need to conduct a study to understand the road user's willingness to adopt E-TW and find a suitable method for predicting mode choice behavior accurately. This study analyzes the Indian road users encouraging and discouraging factors to adopt E-TW and investigates the application of non-traditional models for estimating mode shift behaviour towards E-TW. Based on the literature review and expert opinion, a detailed questionnaire form was framed, and a total of 522 samples were collected from four states of India. The data findings show that Indian road users prefer TW compared to public transport, private four-wheeler, paratransit, and non-motorized transport because of its easy to ride, low maintenance, fast and convenient travel nature. The environmental concern of reducing air pollution and lower vehicle operating costs are significant factors that encourage E-TW adoption. However, the non-availability of charging infrastructure, lower speed, higher initial purchase cost, and lack of awareness about EVs are the significant discouraging factors in adopting E-TW in India. Further, Machine Learning (ML) methods were adopted to predict the mode shift behaviour from the fuel based TW to E-TW, and the results were compared with the Binary Logit (BL) method. The model results indicated that Support vector machine predicted the mode shift behavior with the highest accuracy rate compared with other methods such as Artificial Neural Network, K-Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, and BL. The outcome of this study would help the transportation planner, EV manufacturers, researchers, and policymakers to understand the Indian user's preference to adopt E-TW.
Morphometric analysis for prioritizing sub‑watersheds of Murredu River basin, Telangana State, India, using a geographical information system
(Springer, 2022-05-16) Shekar, Padala Raja; Mathew, Aneesh
The Murredu watershed in Telangana State was chosen for the morphometric and land use/land cover (LULC) analysis in this current study. Geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) techniques can estimate the morphometric features and LULC analysis of a catchment. A total of fourteen sub-watersheds (SWs) were created from the watershed (SW 1 to SW 14), and sub-watersheds were prioritized based on morphometric and LULC features. Evaluation of various morphometric characteristics such as linear aspects, relief aspects, and aerial aspects has been carried out for every sub-watershed to prefer ranking. Four parameters were utilized for the LULC analysis to rank and prioritize sub-watersheds. The sub-watersheds were categorized into three groups as low, medium, and high, for soil and water conservation priority based on morphometric and LULC analysis. Using morphometric analysis, higher priorities have been assigned to SW 12 and SW 1, while using LULC analysis, higher priorities have been assigned to SW 9 and SW 11. SW 10 and SW 13 are the most common sub-watersheds that fall within the same priority while using morphometric and LULC analysis. The coefficient of regression results reveals that stream length and stream order, and also stream number and stream order, have a strong association. The deployment of soil and water conservation measures may be conducted in the high-priority sub-watersheds.
Evaluation of Morphometric and Hypsometric Analysis of the Bagh River Basin using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Techniques
(Elsevier, 2022-06-24) Shekar, Padala Raja; Mathew, Aneesh
Water availability and scarcity are impacted by geomorphological changes that occur within a catchment. As a result, determining the influence of geomorphological processes on the catchment's hydrology requires a quantitative study of the catchment geometry. Approaches based on remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) have grown in popularity in recent years because they assist strategists and decision-makers in making accurate and effective choices and plans. For this research, the Bagh River basin was chosen. The study shows that GIS and RS data can be used to analyse and approximate the period and erosional operations' speed in a Bagh river basin for better design and maintenance. The method utilises a 30-metre shuttle radar topography mission digital elevation model (SRTM-DEM) for morphometric parameters and hypsometric analysis extraction that is both operative and time-saving. The thirteen morphometric parameters were applied to the Bagh catchment's linear, shape, and relief aspects. An elongated basin shape is suggested by the Re, Rc, and Ff. Statistical analysis shows that there is a good relationship between stream order and stream length, as well as stream order and stream number. The hypsometric curves' structure as well as estimated hypsometric integral results reflects the Bagh river basin's erosional stages. As a result, the study concludes that morphometric and hypsometric analysis findings may be useful to stakeholders participating in catchment development and management projects.
Prioritising sub-watersheds using morphometric analysis, principal component analysis, and land use/land cover analysis in the Kinnerasani River basin, India
(IWA Publishing, 2022-08-30) Shekar, Padala Raja; Mathew, Aneesh
Due to the depletion of natural resources including land and water as a result of rapid population increase, industrialisation, and urbanisation, effective resource management is essential for long-term development. The Kinnerasani Watershed in Telangana State was chosen for the research based on morphological analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and land use/land cover (LULC) analysis in this study. A catchment’s morphometric characteristics, PCA, and LULC analysis can be estimated using geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) approaches. The watershed generated 24 sub-watersheds (SWs) in all (SW1–SW24). SWs were ranked using morphometric features, PCA, and LULC features. To determine the final priority of SWs, several morphometric characteristics, including linear, shape, and relief aspects, have been estimated for each SW and given ranks based on compound parameter values. To prioritise SWs, the PCA was used to extract five parameters from morphometric characteristics. The LULC analysis used four characteristics to prioritise the SWs. SW3, SW9, and SW12 have been prioritised for morphometric analysis; SW2 and SW3 have been prioritised for PCA; and SW17, SW19, SW23, and SW24 have been prioritised for LULC analysis. The common SWs within each priority according to three different methodologies are SW4, SW6, SW10, SW13, SW15, and SW21. The results show that the high-priority locations have greater runoff and soil erosion issues, so it is essential to design and implement watershed management techniques such as check dams, construction of farm ponds, and construction of earthen embankments in these areas. The decision-making authorities might use the findings to plan and implement watershed management initiatives to minimise soil erosion in high-priority locations. © 2023 International Journal of Mining and Geo-Engineering. All rights reserved.

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