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Browsing Academic Departments by Author "Arunab, K S"

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    Air quality analysis and PM2.5 modelling usingmachine learning techniques: A study of Hyderabad city in India
    (Cogent OA, 2023-08-13) Mathew, Aneesh; Gokul, P R; Shekar, Padala Raja; Arunab, K S; Abdo, Hazem Ghassan; Almohamad, Hussein; Al Dughairi, Ahmed Abdullah
    The rapid urbanization and industrialization in many parts of the world have made air pollution a global public health problem. A study conducted by the Swiss organization IQAir indicated that 22 of the top 30 most polluted cities in the world are in India. This creates the problem of air pollution, which is very relevant to India as well. Exposure to air pollutants has both acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) impacts on health. Among the major air pollutants, particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is the most harmful, and its long-term exposure can impair lung functions. Pollutant concentrations vary temporally and are dependent on the local meteorology and emissions at a given geographic location. PM2.5 forecasting models have the potential to develop strategies for evaluating and alerting the public regarding expected hazardous levels of air pollution. Accurate measurement and forecasting of pollutant concentrations are critical for assessing air quality and making informed strategic decisions. Recently, data-driven machine learning algorithms for PM2.5 forecasting have received a lot of attention. In this work, a spatio-temporal analysis of air quality was first performed for Hyderabad, indicating that average PM2.5 concentrations during the winter were 68% higher than those during the summer. Following that, PM2.5 modelling was done using three different techniques: multilinear regression, K-nearest neighbours (KNN), and histogram-based gradient boost (HGBoost). Among these, the HGBoost regression model, which used both pollution and meteorological data as inputs, outperformed the other two techniques. During testing, the model acquired an amazing R2 value of 0.859, suggesting a significant connection with the actual data. Additionally, the model exhibited a minimum Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 5.717 μg/m3 and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 7.647 μg/m3, further confirming its accuracy in predicting PM2.5 concentrations. In our investigation, we discovered that the HGBoost3 model beat other PM2.5 modelling models by having the lowest error and the highest R2 value. This study made a substantial addition by incorporating the spatiotemporal relationship between air pollutants and meteorological variables in predicting air quality. This method has the potential to improve the creation of more precise air pollution forecast models.
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    Spatial and temporal analysis of urban heat island effect over Tiruchirappalli city using geospatial techniques
    (KeAi Communications Co., 2022-12-09) Badugu, Ajay; Arunab, K S; Mathew, Aneesh; Sarwesh, P
    Alterations made to the natural ground surface and the anthropogenic activity elevate the surface and air temperature in the urban areas compared with the surrounding rural areas, known as urban heat island effect. Thermal remote sensors measure the radiation emitted by ground objects, which can be used to estimate the land surface temperature and are beneficial for studying urban heat island effects. The present study investigates the spatial and temporal variations in the effects of urban heat island over Tiruchirappalli city in India during the summer and winter seasons. The study also identifies hot spots and cold spots within the study area. In this study, a significant land surface temperature difference was observed between the urban and rural areas, predominantly at night, indicating the presence of urban heat island at night. These diurnal land surface temperature fluctuations are also detected seasonally, with a relatively higher temperature intensity during the summer. The trend line analysis shows that the mean land surface temperature of the study area is increasing at a rate of 0.166 K/decade with p less than 0.01. By using the spatial autocorrelation method with the urban heat island index as the key parameter, hot spots with a 99 percent confidence level and a 95 percent confidence level were found within the urban area. A hot spot with 95 and 90 percent confidence level was identified outside the urban area. This spike in temperature for a particular region in the rural area is due to industry and the associated built-up area. The study also identified cold spots with a 90 percent confidence level within the rural area. However, cold spots with a 95 and 99 percent confidence level were not identified within the study area.