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Browsing Academic Departments by Author "Abdo, Hazem Ghassan"

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    Prioritizing sub‑watersheds for soil erosion using geospatial techniques based on morphometric and hypsometric analysis: a case study of the Indian Wyra River basin
    (Springer Nature, 2023-06-26) Shekar, Padala Raja; Mathew, Aneesh; Abdo, Hazem Ghassan; Almohamad, Hussein; Abdullah Al Dughairi, Ahmed; Al-Mutiry, Motrih
    The hydrological availability and scarcity of water can be affected by geomorphological processes occurring within a watershed. Hence, it is crucial to perform a quantitative evaluation of the watershed’s geometry to determine the impact of such processes on its hydrology. Geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) techniques have become increasingly significant because they enable decision-makers and strategists to make accurate and efficient decisions. To prioritize sub-watersheds within the Wyra watershed, this research employs two methods: morphometric analysis and hypsometric analysis. The watershed was divided into eleven sub-watersheds (SWs). The prioritization of sub-watersheds in the Wyra watershed involved assessing several morphometric parameters, such as relief, linear, and areal features, for each sub-watershed. Furthermore, the importance of the sub-watersheds was determined by computing hypsometric integral (HI) values using the elevation–relief ratio method. The final prioritization of sub-watersheds based on morphometric analysis was determined through the integration of principal component analysis (PCA) and weighted sum approach (WSA). SW2 and SW9 have had higher priorities using morphometric analysis, whereas SW6, SW7, and SW10 have obtained higher priorities using hypsometric analysis. SW4 is the most common SW that shares the same priority. The most vulnerable sub-watersheds are those with the highest priority, and therefore, programmes for soil and water conservation should pay more attention to them. The conclusions of the study may prove useful to various stakeholders involved in initiatives related to watershed development and management.
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    Spatiotemporal dynamics of urban heat island effect and air pollution in Bengaluru and Hyderabad: implications for sustainable urban development
    (Springer Nature, 2025-02-25) Mathew, Aneesh; Aljohani, Taghreed Hamdi; Shekar, Padala Raja; Arunab, K. S.; Sharma, Atul Kumar; Ahmed, Mohamed Fatahalla Mohamed; Idris, Ummhani Idris Ahmed; Almohamad, Hussein; Abdo, Hazem Ghassan
    Uncontrolled growth in population is the cause of the unplanned, rapid, and unsustainable expansion of urban areas. This has led to a deterioration of environmental conditions for both global and local ecosystems. This research investigates the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon in Bengaluru and Hyderabad, India, including its spatial and temporal distribution and relation to air pollution. The investigation was conducted in both study locations during the summer and winter seasons, with data spanning from 2001 to 2021. The findings reveal that the maximum UHI intensity in both cities varies seasonally, with the highest values observed during the summer and the lowest during the winter. Annual maximum UHI intensities range from 4.65 °C to 6.69 °C in Bengaluru and from 5.74 °C to 6.82 °C in Hyderabad. The average UHI intensity also exhibits seasonal and annual variations, with the UHI effect being particularly pronounced in Bengaluru. In addition, the study provides the Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI), which reveals that both cities consistently face intense UHI impacts throughout the year, greatly affecting the quality of life. Additionally, hotspot analysis reveals an increasing trend in UHI-affected areas over the years in both cities. The study also highlights air pollution concentrations and shows relationships between land surface temperature (LST) and air pollutants, emphasizing the need to alleviate urban heat, enhance air quality, and promote sustainability. This underscores the importance of UHI dynamics in urban environmental management and public health. This study enhances comprehension of UHI dynamics in swiftly urbanizing areas, providing a novel viewpoint on the complex interconnection between urbanization, climate, and air quality. These insights help develop sustainable urban strategies, reducing the negative effects of uncontrolled urbanization and benefiting local communities and the global ecosystem.
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    Unveiling urban air quality dynamics during COVID-19: a Sentinel-5P TROPOMI hotspot analysis
    (Nature portfolio, 2024-09-16) Mathew, Aneesh; Shekar, Padala Raja; Nair, Abhilash T; Mallick, Javed; Rathod, Chetan; Bindajam, Ahmed Ali; Alharbi, Maged Muteb; Abdo, Hazem Ghassan
    In India, the spatial coverage of air pollution data is not homogeneous due to the regionally restricted number of monitoring stations. In a such situation, utilising satellite data might greatly influence choices aimed at enhancing the environment. It is essential to estimate significant air contaminants, comprehend their health impacts, and anticipate air quality to safeguard public health from dangerous pollutants. The current study intends to investigate the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of important air pollutants, such as sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone, utilising Sentinel-5P TROPOMI satellite images. A comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis of air quality was conducted for the entire country with a special focus on five metro cities from 2019 to 2022, encompassing the pre-COVID-19, during-COVID-19, and current scenarios. Seasonal research revealed that air pollutant concentrations are highest in the winter, followed by the summer and monsoon, with the exception of ozone. Ozone had the greatest concentrations throughout the summer season. The analysis has revealed that NO2 hotspots are predominantly located in megacities, while SO2 hotspots are associated with industrial clusters. Delhi exhibits high levels of NO2 pollution, while Kolkata is highly affected by SO2 pollution compared to other major cities. Notably, there was an 11% increase in SO2 concentrations in Kolkata and a 20% increase in NO2 concentrations in Delhi from 2019 to 2022. The COVID-19 lockdown saw significant drops in NO2 concentrations in 2020; specifically, − 20% in Mumbai, − 18% in Delhi, − 14% in Kolkata, − 12% in Chennai, and − 15% in Hyderabad. This study provides valuable insights into the seasonal, monthly, and yearly behaviour of pollutants and offers a novel approach for hotspot analysis, aiding in the identification of major air pollution sources. The results offer valuable insights for developing effective strategies to tackle air pollution, safeguard public health, and improve the overall environmental quality in India. The study underscores the importance of satellite data analysis and presents a comprehensive assessment of the impact of the shutdown on air quality, laying the groundwork for evidence-based decision-making and long-term pollution mitigation efforts.